A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the basic DIMENSIONS affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 DIMENSIONS. The importance of these DIMENSIONS in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in DIMENSIONS (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. DIMENSIONS, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 DIMENSIONS, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping DIMENSIONS. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 DIMENSIONS should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Despite the impact of companies on society and stakeholders’ expectations, organizations need to respond differently. According to Cameron and Quinn (1998), culture is defined as the core of set values, underlying assumptions, and defined interpretations and approaches in the organization. The context of competitive values is very instrumental in helping to organize and interpret a wide range of organizational phenomena. Four types of dominant hierarchical, market, clan, and adhocracy cultures emerge from these frameworks. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between corporate culture and financial PERFORMANCE as well as social and financial DIMENSIONS of social responsibility among listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. To this end, questionnaires were distributed to corporate executives, and the data on the corporate culture DIMENSIONS (Cameron & Quinn, 2006) as well as social responsibility were collected and the data related to financial PERFORMANCE were extracted from financial statements. Then, the effect of cultural DIMENSIONS on financial PERFORMANCE and social responsibility was investigated using collected data and modelling structural equations based on partial least squares. The results of statistical analysis of data collected from 73 companies suggested that the adhocracy and market DIMENSIONS of corporate culture have the most effect on social responsibility and financial PERFORMANCE of companies. Moreover, hierarchical culture had a positive and significant effect on the social responsibility of companies.

The aim of the present study was to investigate relationship between adjustment DIMENSIONS and academic PERFORMANCE in students. 380 male and female students of high school were selected by cluster sampling. Information was gathered using Bell Adjustment Inventory. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient and regression analysis and t-test. Results indicated significant relationship between home adjustment and academic adjustment with academic PERFORMANCE in female students. Also the results revealed significant relationship between academic adjustment and academic PERFORMANCE in male students. The results were representative of significant difference in emotional adjustment of male and female students. Considering importance of family and school factors related to adjustment and academic PERFORMANCE, it is a necessity that parents and educators recognize characteristics of adolescents and promote adjustment skills through increasing adolescents, information and knowledge.

Background: One of the main factors that lead to weak productivity of the organization is the lack of desirable PERFORMANCE appraisal system. Discrimination and injustice in the organization, particularly in evaluating PERFORMANCE of staff will be more important that will have effect on employees' motivation and inconsistency. The goal of this article is to get acquainted with the deliberate and unpredictable ethical errors of the PERFORMANCE appraisal system, and plans appropriate strategies for dealing with them. Method: This is an applied descriptive study that is performed by quality and quantity method. Population of study includes all staffs of 5 governmental organizations. 12 qualified samples were chosen with result oriented method. Data gathering is accomplished with interview and questionnaire. For Data analysis, the fuzzy delphi technique has used. Results: After an interview with the experts and the initial extraction for improving ethical solutions in the PERFORMANCE appraisal system, a Fuzzy Delphi technique was implemented. Out of 23 initial solutions, 12 solutions for improving ethical DIMENSIONS in the employee PERFORMANCE appraisal system were finalized by experts. Among them, such issues scored the most: participation of all employees in the design of the PERFORMANCE appraisal system, education and training the evaluators and mechanisms for dealing with poor staff PERFORMANCE. Conclusion: Ethical DIMENSIONS in the PERFORMANCE appraisal system should be investigated by the stakeholders in order to identify and implement solutions to improve them.

The present study is an attempt to personality DIMENSIONS in academic PERFORMANCE of university students. The sample includes 206 individuals (106 females, 100 males) from Shahid Beheshti University. Data was collected through short version of Neo Inventory and Dortaj Academic PERFORMANCE Inventory. Data was analyzed by multivariate regression test canonical correlation and multivariate analysis of variance. Results show that extroversion and conscientiousness have positive relationship with academic PERFORMANCE and neuroticism has negative relationship with academic PERFORMANCE Also there was no significant difference between male and female participants in term of thinking styles. There was significant difference between students in technical and human sciences groups in term of thinking styles.Students in technical group showed higher score in legislative thinking styles than students in human sciences. Also results show that female students have higher score in Openness to experience than male students.

Introduction and purpose of the research: In the present world, cultural intelligence is an essential tool for managers and staff who are encounter colleagues, customers, partners, competitors, governors and other commercial activists. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the role of cultural intelligence in the employees' PERFORMANCE.Methodology: This correlational study is applied in its objective, descriptive in its data collection and survey- type in its conduct. Sampling volume is determined according to Morgan table and stratified random is applied in the sampling. Statistic population consists of 159 employees of the International affairs of Bank Keshavarzi.Findings: The results of this research indicated a significant positive relation between cultural intelligence and the staff PERFORMANCE. Among cultural intelligence DIMENSIONS cognitive, motivational and behavioral ones range from the highest to the lowest in the terms of relation; but, it did not show any relation between cultural meta-cognitive dimension and the staff PERFORMANCE.Conclusion: Institutions and organizations such as banks whose employees have closer interaction with wider types of people, should equip their employees with cultural intelligence capabilities.